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    #16
    A list of man pages and what they do: apropos man

    Example of apropos apt
    Code:
    $ apropos apt
    add-apt-key (8)      - Command line tool to add GPG keys to the APT keyring
    add-apt-repository (1) - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
    airodump-ng (8)      - a wireless packet capture tool for aircrack-ng
    apt (8)              - command-line interface
    apt-add-repository (1) - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
    apt-cache (8)        - query the APT cache
    apt-cdrom (8)        - APT CD-ROM management utility
    apt-config (8)       - APT Configuration Query program
    apt-extracttemplates (1) - Utility to extract debconf config and templates from Debian packages
    apt-ftparchive (1)   - Utility to generate index files
    apt-get (8)          - APT package handling utility - - command-line interface
    apt-key (8)          - APT key management utility
    apt-mark (8)         - mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
    apt-rdepends (1)     - performs recursive dependency listings similar to apt-cache
    apt-secure (8)       - Archive authentication support for APT
    apt-show-source (1)  - Lists source-packages.
    apt-show-versions (1p) - Lists available package versions with distribution
    apt-sortpkgs (1)     - Utility to sort package index files
    apt.conf (5)         - Configuration file for APT
    apt_preferences (5)  - Preference control file for APT
    aptd (1)             - package managing daemon proving a D-Bus interface
    aptdcon (1)          - command line client for aptdaemon
    aptitude (8)         - high-level interface to the package manager
    aptitude-create-state-bundle (1) - bundle the current aptitude state
    aptitude-curses (8)  - high-level interface to the package manager
    aptitude-run-state-bundle (1) - unpack an aptitude state bundle and invoke aptitude on it
    AptPkg (3pm)         - interface to libapt-pkg
    AptPkg::Cache (3pm)  - APT package cache interface
    AptPkg::Config (3pm) - APT configuration interface
    AptPkg::hash (3pm)   - a helper class for implementing tied hashes
    AptPkg::PkgRecords (3pm) - APT package description class
    AptPkg::Policy (3pm) - APT package version policy class
    AptPkg::Source (3pm) - APT source package interface
    AptPkg::System (3pm) - APT system abstraction class
    AptPkg::Version (3pm) - APT package versioning class
    apturl (8)           - graphical apt-protocol interpreting package installer
    apturl-kde (8)       - graphical apt-protocol interpreting package installer
    axi-cache (1)        - query the Apt Xapian Index
    captoinfo (1)        - convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
    debconf-apt-progress (1) - install packages using debconf to display a progress bar
    dvdxchap (1)         - Extract chapter information from DVDs
    dvgrab (1)           - Capture DV or MPEG-2 Transport Stream (HDV) video and audio data from FireWire
    Image::ExifTool::CaptureOne (3pm) - Read Capture One EIP and COS files
    Image::ExifTool::NikonCapture (3pm) - Read/write Nikon Capture information
    import (1)           - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire ...
    import.im6 (1)       - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire ...
    kazam (1)            - Screen recording and capturing program.
    laptop-detect (8)    - attempt to detect a laptop
    lmdb_table (5)       - Postfix LMDB adapter
    Net::DNS::RR::NAPTR (3pm) - DNS NAPTR resource record
    org.debian.apt (7)   - the main interface of aptdaemon
    org.debian.apt.transaction (7) - the main interface of an aptdaemon transaction
    sane-scsi (5)        - SCSI adapter tips for scanners
    sources.list (5)     - List of configured APT data sources
    synaptic (8)         - graphical management of software packages
    synaptics (4)        - touchpad input driver
    synclient (1)        - commandline utility to query and modify Synaptics driver options.
    toshset (1)          - manipulate bios and hardware settings of Toshiba laptops
    update-apt-xapian-index (8) - rebuild the Apt Xapian Index
    XkbApplyCompatMapToKey (3) - Apply the new compatibility mapping to an individual key to get its semantics updated
    XkbSAPtrDfltValue (3) - Returns the valueXXX field of act converted to a signed int
    xvinfo (1)           - Print out X-Video extension adaptor information
    Then use the man on any item in the list...

    EDIT: I forgot my old favorite, before KDE appeared.
    xman
    which, ignoring the font warning, shows a small bash gui. On it is "Show Manual". When that GUI pops open it has two parts. The top part lists the commands. Click on a command and its man page shows in the bottom part. The xman gui has two menu options which show several other options.
    Last edited by GreyGeek; Oct 17, 2014, 10:34 AM.
    "A nation that is afraid to let its people judge the truth and falsehood in an open market is a nation that is afraid of its people.”
    – John F. Kennedy, February 26, 1962.

    Comment


      #17
      Originally posted by GreyGeek View Post
      A list of man pages and what they do: apropos man
      And if one forgets that command, its inverse will remind you: man apropos

      Comment


        #18
        Originally posted by whatthefunk View Post
        Some are Bash commands, but many are just program names followed by arguments for the programs. In this thread, there has been no Bash. For example:
        Code:
        apt show bleachbit
        apt is a program name while show and bleachbit are arguments for that program which tell it what to do. In this case, show gives package information for the package bleachbit.
        Thank you

        A good and clear explanation
        kubuntu version: 16.04.5 LTS

        Laptop: Toshiba-Satellite-L350

        Comment


          #19
          Originally posted by GreyGeek View Post
          A list of man pages and what they do: apropos man

          Example of apropos apt
          Code:
          $ apropos apt
          add-apt-key (8)      - Command line tool to add GPG keys to the APT keyring
          add-apt-repository (1) - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
          airodump-ng (8)      - a wireless packet capture tool for aircrack-ng
          apt (8)              - command-line interface
          apt-add-repository (1) - Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one
          apt-cache (8)        - query the APT cache
          apt-cdrom (8)        - APT CD-ROM management utility
          apt-config (8)       - APT Configuration Query program
          apt-extracttemplates (1) - Utility to extract debconf config and templates from Debian packages
          apt-ftparchive (1)   - Utility to generate index files
          apt-get (8)          - APT package handling utility - - command-line interface
          apt-key (8)          - APT key management utility
          apt-mark (8)         - mark/unmark a package as being automatically-installed
          apt-rdepends (1)     - performs recursive dependency listings similar to apt-cache
          apt-secure (8)       - Archive authentication support for APT
          apt-show-source (1)  - Lists source-packages.
          apt-show-versions (1p) - Lists available package versions with distribution
          apt-sortpkgs (1)     - Utility to sort package index files
          apt.conf (5)         - Configuration file for APT
          apt_preferences (5)  - Preference control file for APT
          aptd (1)             - package managing daemon proving a D-Bus interface
          aptdcon (1)          - command line client for aptdaemon
          aptitude (8)         - high-level interface to the package manager
          aptitude-create-state-bundle (1) - bundle the current aptitude state
          aptitude-curses (8)  - high-level interface to the package manager
          aptitude-run-state-bundle (1) - unpack an aptitude state bundle and invoke aptitude on it
          AptPkg (3pm)         - interface to libapt-pkg
          AptPkg::Cache (3pm)  - APT package cache interface
          AptPkg::Config (3pm) - APT configuration interface
          AptPkg::hash (3pm)   - a helper class for implementing tied hashes
          AptPkg::PkgRecords (3pm) - APT package description class
          AptPkg::Policy (3pm) - APT package version policy class
          AptPkg::Source (3pm) - APT source package interface
          AptPkg::System (3pm) - APT system abstraction class
          AptPkg::Version (3pm) - APT package versioning class
          apturl (8)           - graphical apt-protocol interpreting package installer
          apturl-kde (8)       - graphical apt-protocol interpreting package installer
          axi-cache (1)        - query the Apt Xapian Index
          captoinfo (1)        - convert a termcap description into a terminfo description
          debconf-apt-progress (1) - install packages using debconf to display a progress bar
          dvdxchap (1)         - Extract chapter information from DVDs
          dvgrab (1)           - Capture DV or MPEG-2 Transport Stream (HDV) video and audio data from FireWire
          Image::ExifTool::CaptureOne (3pm) - Read Capture One EIP and COS files
          Image::ExifTool::NikonCapture (3pm) - Read/write Nikon Capture information
          import (1)           - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire ...
          import.im6 (1)       - saves any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire ...
          kazam (1)            - Screen recording and capturing program.
          laptop-detect (8)    - attempt to detect a laptop
          lmdb_table (5)       - Postfix LMDB adapter
          Net::DNS::RR::NAPTR (3pm) - DNS NAPTR resource record
          org.debian.apt (7)   - the main interface of aptdaemon
          org.debian.apt.transaction (7) - the main interface of an aptdaemon transaction
          sane-scsi (5)        - SCSI adapter tips for scanners
          sources.list (5)     - List of configured APT data sources
          synaptic (8)         - graphical management of software packages
          synaptics (4)        - touchpad input driver
          synclient (1)        - commandline utility to query and modify Synaptics driver options.
          toshset (1)          - manipulate bios and hardware settings of Toshiba laptops
          update-apt-xapian-index (8) - rebuild the Apt Xapian Index
          XkbApplyCompatMapToKey (3) - Apply the new compatibility mapping to an individual key to get its semantics updated
          XkbSAPtrDfltValue (3) - Returns the valueXXX field of act converted to a signed int
          xvinfo (1)           - Print out X-Video extension adaptor information
          Then use the man on any item in the list...

          EDIT: I forgot my old favorite, before KDE appeared.
          xman
          which, ignoring the font warning, shows a small bash gui. On it is "Show Manual". When that GUI pops open it has two parts. The top part lists the commands. Click on a command and its man page shows in the bottom part. The xman gui has two menu options which show several other options.
          Thank you

          I had not heard of xman

          My gui has four buttons help, quit and Manual Page

          A good resource
          kubuntu version: 16.04.5 LTS

          Laptop: Toshiba-Satellite-L350

          Comment


            #20
            The KDE help system can also read man pages. You can press Alt+F2 and type khelpcenter man:command, where command is whatever you want to learn about.

            A useful approach is to create a Bash alias to the help center. Now you can easily open man pages at the command line into separate windows, which avoids interrupting your workflow at the command prompt.

            Comment


              #21
              Yes, that works.

              I have help listed in my favourites.

              If I click of this function, I can activate the same system.
              kubuntu version: 16.04.5 LTS

              Laptop: Toshiba-Satellite-L350

              Comment


                #22
                Back to the OP; I found this interesting command on an Ubuntu blog:

                dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Package;-50}\t${Installed-Size}\n' | sort -k 2 -n | grep -v deinstall | awk '{printf "%.3f MB \t %s\n", $2/(1024), $1}'

                Which will list all installed packages and the space they consume. The real issue is dependencies. Rarely does a package live alone. You'd have to add all packages together to get the real total, and even then you would often be wrong because many packages are used by more than one program.

                BTW, to list say - only the 20 largest packages - add this to the above command:

                | tail -n 20

                Please Read Me

                Comment


                  #23
                  Originally posted by oshunluvr View Post
                  Back to the OP; I found this interesting command on an Ubuntu blog:

                  dpkg-query --show --showformat='${Package;-50}\t${Installed-Size}\n' | sort -k 2 -n | grep -v deinstall | awk '{printf "%.3f MB \t %s\n", $2/(1024), $1}'

                  Goodness gracious.

                  That's one for an alias or two - or more
                  Last edited by anonprivate; Oct 18, 2014, 07:41 AM.
                  kubuntu version: 16.04.5 LTS

                  Laptop: Toshiba-Satellite-L350

                  Comment


                    #24
                    Originally posted by anonprivate View Post
                    Goodness gracious.

                    That's one for an alias or two - or more
                    Good idea! Alias it to "space" then you could do

                    space | grep <somepackagename>

                    nice.

                    Please Read Me

                    Comment


                      #25
                      Originally posted by oshunluvr View Post
                      Good idea! Alias it to "space" then you could do

                      space | grep <somepackagename>

                      nice.
                      I can confirm that the command works as described.

                      When running the command, I noticed what I believe the be repetitions (probably updates). Are these repetitions necessary?

                      I give an example:

                      Code:
                      2.434 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-35-generic
                      12.436 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-36-generic
                      12.441 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-37-generic
                      
                      30.980 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic
                      31.022 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-35-generic
                      31.027 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-36-generic
                      31.044 MB        linux-image-3.13.0-37-generic
                      
                      60.350 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-34
                      60.354 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-36
                      60.371 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-35
                      60.373 MB        linux-headers-3.13.0-37
                      
                      108.079 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-34-generic
                      108.112 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-35-generic
                      108.150 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-36-generic
                      108.174 MB       linux-image-extra-3.13.0-37-generic
                      108.285 MB       linux-image-3.2.0-58-generic-pae
                      108.592 MB       linux-image-3.2.0-67-generic-pae
                      Best wishes.

                      A
                      kubuntu version: 16.04.5 LTS

                      Laptop: Toshiba-Satellite-L350

                      Comment


                        #26
                        Not repititions as you put it. Each installed kernel has three parts: headers, image, and image-extra. Your output shows that you have kernels 3.13.0.34 through 3.13.0.37 installed.
                        Windows no longer obstruct my view.
                        Using Kubuntu Linux since March 23, 2007.
                        "It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data." - Sherlock Holmes

                        Comment


                          #27
                          Originally posted by anonprivate View Post
                          Are these repetitions necessary?
                          If you do not have a specific need for older kernels (and the newest versions boots and works fine), you can safely remove/purge older versions (although it is usually a good idea to keep at least two kernels installed so you have a failsafe to boot to if you run into unexpected issues with the latest one)

                          You can remove the older packages manually, or you can run:
                          sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
                          to remove unneeded packages including redundant kernel packages (kernel autoremoval should keep at least two kernel versions installed, the actual number of kept kernel versions depends on a few variables...like which kernel you are currently running)

                          another useful command to find orphaned packages is deborphan (in the package 'deborphan')
                          Last edited by kubicle; Oct 19, 2014, 02:29 AM.

                          Comment


                            #28
                            Originally posted by kubicle View Post
                            If you do not have a specific need for older kernels (and the newest versions boots and works fine), you can safely remove/purge older versions (although it is usually a good idea to keep at least two kernels installed so you have a failsafe to boot to if you run into unexpected issues with the latest one)

                            You can remove the older packages manually, or you can run:
                            sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
                            to remove unneeded packages including redundant kernel packages (kernel autoremoval should keep at least two kernel versions installed, the actual number of kept kernel versions depends on a few variables...like which kernel you are currently running)

                            another useful command to find orphaned packages is deborphan (in the package 'deborphan')
                            Thank you for responding.

                            Useful information, as always.

                            I have plenty of disk space, so I will keep the older kernels.

                            I believe that I am running Bash

                            Out of interest, I tried the man pages: purge, autoremove, deborphan

                            There appears to be no entries (konsole, not elevated).

                            I have discovered that I do not have deborphan installed.

                            Again, out of interest, If I decided to manually remove, say, version 34 would I delete all of the following.

                            Code:
                            andrew@andrew-Dell-DM061:~$ locate linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic
                            
                            /home/andrew/.local/share/Trash/files/usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic
                            /usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic
                            /usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic/changelog.Debian.gz
                            /usr/share/doc/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic/copyright
                            /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.list
                            /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.md5sums
                            /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.postinst
                            /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.postrm
                            /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.preinst
                            /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic.prerm
                            Best wishes.

                            A
                            kubuntu version: 16.04.5 LTS

                            Laptop: Toshiba-Satellite-L350

                            Comment


                              #29
                              Originally posted by anonprivate View Post
                              Out of interest, I tried the man pages: purge, autoremove, deborphan
                              "--purge" is an option for apt-get (meaning also remove config files when uninstalling package)
                              "autoremove" is a command for apt-get (meaning remove packages that were installed as dependencies but are no longer needed)
                              both of these are explained in 'man apt-get'
                              deborphan has to be installed for it's man page to be available

                              Originally posted by anonprivate View Post
                              Again, out of interest, If I decided to manually remove, say, version 34 would I delete all of the following.
                              No, don't delete files that were installed by a package, I meant manually removing redundant packages, as in 'sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic' (of course, autoremoval is usually easier and quicker)

                              Comment


                                #30
                                OK

                                Out of interest

                                sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

                                I have read the man page.

                                Purge is an option and autoremove a command.

                                I get a little confused between options and commands and the use of, or not, --

                                Purge sounds like a command
                                Last edited by anonprivate; Oct 19, 2014, 10:19 PM.
                                kubuntu version: 16.04.5 LTS

                                Laptop: Toshiba-Satellite-L350

                                Comment

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